The Ladies' Journal was the longest-lasting and widest-circulating Chinese women's magazine during the Republican period. Published from 1915 to 1931 by the Commercial Press, it initially focused on domestic issues and short stories of the Mandarin Ducks and Butterflies school of romantic fiction. Following criticism over the journal's stances, Shen Yanbing (Mao Dun) was hired as editor in 1920. Shen left later that year, and Zhang Xichen replaced him as editor. While lacking prior interest in women's issues, he became a dedicated liberal feminist and recruited like-minded writers such as his assistant Zhou Jianren. A controversial 1925 special issue on the "new sexual morality" alongside political disagreements with the Commercial Press led to their removal as editors. The journal returned to a domestic focus. Already struggling due to decreased advertiser investment, the journal was cancelled after its headquarters were destroyed in a month-long battle between Chinese and Japanese forces.
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